Regional autonomous which has been in effect since 1999 and effectively implemented in all districts and cities in Indonesia turnes out with some problematic problems that makes it is not going smoothly as expected initially. There were various abstracles faced by almost all the regions in implementing the autonomous governance especially relating to community service programs to improve the welfare of this people. Many people argue that the constraints of the implementation of regional autonomy has been caused more by the concept of what is Indonesia which has not understood snugly by the societies in almost all stratas and even by the regional and central government administrators. This study is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the issue of decentralization and the Indonesia that is expected to be a rationale for government policy-making at all levels in the future. Sistem otonomi adalah penyelenggaraan sistem pemerintah rakyat dengan mendekatkan pertanggungan jawab kepada rakyat. Jikalau di pusat saja dilakukan demokrasi maka kontrol dari rakyat jauh sekali dan tidak langsung. ( Pancasila Harus Dipegang Teguh pidato wakil presiden Dr. Mohammad Hatta pada rapat terbatas di Pematang Siantar 22 November 1950) ... desentralisasilah bukan sentralisasi yang menjadi dasar bagi cita-cita tolong-mrnolong dalam asas kolektivisme yang tumbuh dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Indonesia terbagi atas pulau-pulau dan berbagai golongan kecil dan besar mendapat hak untuk menentukan nasibnya sendiri. ( Ke Arah Indonesia Merdeka dalam Muhammad Hatta Kumpulan Karangan Jakarta-Amsterdam-Surabaya Penerbitan dan Balai Buku Indonesia 1953 hal. 76-77