Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease that causes health problems in the world. In Indonesia most cases of tuberculosis affect productive age. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Rantau Alai District in 2022 amounted to 380 cases with 29 positive cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge and behavior of the host with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at productive age in Rantau Alai Subdistrict Ogan Ilir Regency in 2023. This study used a case control design with 108 respondents selected by simple random sampling. Then the data analysis test was carried out namely the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value 0.000) smoking history (p-value 0.002) household contact (p-value 0.000) the habit of drying mattresses (p-value 0.000) and the habit of opening windows every morning (p-value 0.000) against pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variable of house contact (p-value 0.001) was the most dominant variable associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (OR 5.059 95% CI 3.093-73.317) The conclusion of this study is that poor knowledge and behavior of the host can increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. Suggestions for the community are expected to follow extension activities on an ongoing basis and implement clean and healthy living behaviors to prevent the proliferation of pulmonary tuberculosis bacteria.