1. Identification of vascular plants 2. Roots stems and buds 3. Leaves 4. Color and surface characters 5. The flower 6. Variation in flower structure 7. Arrangement of flowers on the plant 8. Fruits and seeds 9. Identification of dicotyledons and monocotyledons 10. Manual of the orders and families of dicotyledons 11. Manual of the orders and families of monocotyledons 12. Preparation and preservation of plant specimens 13. Evolution 14. Some fundamental problems of plant classification 15. Historical development of classification systems 16. Comparison and evaluation of recent systems of classification 17. A system of classification 18. The first vascular plants 18. The vocabulary describing gymnosperm characteristics 19. The process of identification 20. The basis for classification of gymnosperms 21. The ferns 22. Psilophytes (psilophyta) and horsetails (sphenophysta) 23. The club mosses 24. Classification of natural floras 25. The floras of North America