Daftar Isi:A. History Background and Basic Concepts 1. The Search for General Principles of Learning 2. The Associationists 3. Ebbinghaus s Experiments on Memory 4. Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches to Learning 5. The Physiological Approach Brain and Behavior B. Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation 1. Characteristics of Goal-Directed Systems 2. Reflexes 3. Tropisms and Orientation 4. Sequences of Behavior 5. Innate Human Abilities and Predispositions 6. Habituation C. Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning 1. Pavlov s Discovery and Its Impact 2. Basic Conditioning Phenomena 3. The Importance of Timing in Classical Conditioning 4. Higher Order Conditioning 5. Classical Conditioning Outside the Laboratory D. Theories and Research On Classical Conditioning 1. Theories of Associative Learning 2. Types of Association 3. Biological Constrains On Classical Conditioning 4. The Form of the Conditioned Response 5. Physiological Research on Classical Conditioning E. Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning 1. The Law of Effect 2. The Procedure of Shaping or Successive Approximations 3. The Research of B.F. Skinner 4. Biological Constraints on Operant Conditioning F. Reinforcement Schedules Experimental Analyses and Applications 1. Plotting Moment-to-Moment Behavior the Cummulative Recorder 2. The Four Simple Reinforcement Schedules 3. Factors Affecting Performance on Reinforcement Schedules 4. The Experimental Analysis of Reinforcement Schedules 5. Applications of Operant Conditioning G. Avoidance and Punishment 1. Avoidance 2. Learned Helplessness 3. Punishment 4. Behavior Decelerators in Behavior Therapy H. Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning 1. The Role of the Response 2. The Role of the Reinforcer 3. How Can We Predict What Will Be a Reinforcer 4. Behavioral Economics I. Stimulus Control and Concept Learning 1. Generalization Gradients 2. Is Stimulus Control Absolute of Relational 3. Behavioral Contrast 4. Errorless Discrimination Learning 5. Transfer of Learning and Learning Sets 6. Concept Learning 7. Stimulus Control in Behavior Modification J. Comparative Cognition 1. Memory and Rehearsal 2. Time Number and Serial Patterns 3. Language and Reasoning K. Learning by Observation 1. Theories of Imitation 2. Interactions Between Observational Learning and Operant Conditioning 3. Effects of the Mass Media 4. What Can Be Learned Through Observation 5. Modeling in Behavior Therapy 6. Conclusions the Sophisticated Skill of Learning by Observation L. Learning Motor Skills 1. The Variety of Motor Skills 2. Variables Affecting Motor Learning and Performance 3. Theories of Motor Skill Learning 4. Learning Movement Sequences M. Choice 1. The Matching Law 2. Theories of Choice Behavior 3. Self Control Choices 4. Other Choice Situations